Nucleic acid extraction kits are tools used for extracting nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) from biological samples and have a wide range of applications in multiple fields. The specific applications are as follows:

Medical Diagnosis

• Pathogen Detection: They can be used to extract nucleic acids of pathogens from samples such as blood, sputum, and urine of patients. For example, for pathogens like the COVID-19 virus, hepatitis B virus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, by detecting specific nucleic acid sequences, it can be determined whether a patient is infected with the pathogen, providing a basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
• Genetic Disease Diagnosis: They can extract DNA from samples such as peripheral blood, amniotic fluid, and chorionic villi of patients to detect gene mutations or chromosomal abnormalities related to genetic diseases, such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. This is helpful for prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases and carrier screening.
• Tumor Diagnosis and Monitoring: Nucleic acids can be extracted from tumor tissues or cell-free DNA in blood to detect tumor-related gene mutations, gene fusions, etc. For example, the detection of EGFR gene mutations is used to guide targeted therapy for lung cancer. It can also be used for early screening of tumors, evaluation of treatment efficacy, and recurrence monitoring.
• Scientific Research
• Gene Expression Analysis: RNA is extracted from cell or tissue samples to study the changes in the expression levels of genes in different physiological states, developmental stages, or disease models. For example, through real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR or RNA sequencing technology to analyze gene expression differences, it helps to reveal the functions and regulatory mechanisms of genes.
• Gene Cloning and Sequencing: High-quality DNA is extracted for gene cloning experiments. The target gene is inserted into a vector to construct a recombinant DNA molecule for expression and functional studies in host cells. Meanwhile, the extracted nucleic acids are also the basis for gene sequencing, such as whole-genome sequencing and exome sequencing, which can be used to analyze the gene sequences and genetic information of organisms.
• Molecular Evolution Research: Nucleic acids of different species or different individuals of the same species are extracted and analyzed. By comparing the differences and similarities in gene sequences, phylogenetic trees are constructed to study the evolutionary relationships and genetic diversity of species. For example, through mitochondrial DNA sequencing, the migration and evolutionary history of humans can be studied.
• Agricultural Field
• Plant Disease Detection: Nucleic acids are extracted from plant tissues infected with diseases to detect the nucleic acid sequences of pathogenic microorganisms. For example, for pathogens like Phytophthora infestans in potatoes and Magnaporthe oryzae in rice, it helps to detect and control plant diseases in a timely manner to ensure the yield and quality of crops.
• Transgenic Detection: They are used to detect whether there are transgenic components in crops. By extracting the DNA of plant samples and detecting the specific sequences of transgenic elements such as promoters and terminators, food safety and consumers’ right to know are ensured.
• Variety Identification: The DNA of plants is extracted, and molecular marker technologies such as SSR and SNP are used to analyze the genetic characteristics of varieties for variety purity identification and variety authenticity detection, providing technical support for seed quality control and variety protection.
• Forensic Identification
• Individual Identification: DNA is extracted from biological samples such as bloodstains, hair, and saliva at crime scenes. Through techniques such as STR typing, it is compared with the DNA samples of suspects or missing persons to achieve individual identification and identity determination, providing key evidence for case investigation.
• Paternity Testing: The DNA of parents and children is extracted, and genetic markers at specific gene loci are detected. By analyzing the laws of genetic inheritance, the paternity relationship is judged, which has important applications in legal disputes, immigration, and other fields.