Real – time quantitative PCR instruments have a wide range of application fields, mainly including the following aspects:

Disease Diagnosis
It can be used to detect pathogens such as viruses (hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, SARS – CoV – 2, etc.), bacteria, and parasites, enabling the early diagnosis of infectious diseases. It can also quantitatively detect gene mutations related to genetic diseases, such as the diagnosis and genotyping of diseases like thalassemia and hemophilia.
Cancer Research
By detecting the expression levels of tumor – marker genes, it assists in the early detection, staging, and prognosis assessment of tumors. For example, detecting the amplification of the HER2 gene in breast cancer provides a basis for targeted therapy. Meanwhile, it can be used to monitor the change in the number of tumor cells during the treatment of cancer patients to evaluate the treatment effect. For instance, during chemotherapy and radiotherapy, monitoring the expression changes of tumor – related genes can help determine whether the tumor has recurred or metastasized.
Drug Research and Development
During the process of drug research and development, it is used to evaluate the impact of drugs on the expression of specific genes and study the mechanism of action of drugs. It can also screen out patient groups sensitive to specific drugs by detecting the expression differences of relevant genes before and after treatment in patients, achieving personalized treatment, improving drug efficacy, and reducing adverse reactions.

Gene Expression Analysis
It is used to study the expression differences of genes in different tissues, at different developmental stages, and under different environmental conditions, understanding the spatiotemporal expression patterns of genes. For example, in the study of plant growth and development, analyzing the gene expression in different tissues and organs at different growth stages can reveal the molecular mechanisms of plant growth and development.
Genetic Breeding
In crop and animal genetic breeding, it is used to screen varieties with excellent traits. For example, detecting the expression levels of genes related to crop disease and pest resistance, stress resistance, etc., can help breed varieties with excellent stress – resistant traits. In animal breeding, screening gene markers related to growth rate, meat quality, etc., can accelerate the breeding process.
Molecular Evolution Research
By comparing the differences in gene sequences and expression changes among different species or different populations of the same species, it studies the evolutionary relationships and evolutionary processes of organisms, revealing the origin and evolution laws of species.

Pathogen Detection
It can quickly detect pathogenic microorganisms in food, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, etc., ensuring food safety and preventing the occurrence of food – borne diseases.
Detection of Genetically Modified Ingredients
It can accurately detect genetically modified ingredients in food, label and supervise genetically modified foods, meet consumers’ right to know and choose, and maintain food safety and market order.

Microbial Community Analysis
It analyzes the structure and diversity of microbial communities in environmental samples (such as soil, water, air, etc.), understanding the distribution of microbial species and quantities, and evaluating environmental quality and the health of ecosystems.
Research on Pollutant Degradation
It studies the expression of genes related to pollutant degradation in the environment, evaluates the biodegrading potential and degradation effect of pollutants, and provides a scientific basis for environmental pollution control.