The following are its common working principles:

The nucleic acid aerosol cleaning kit generally achieves the cleaning of nucleic acid aerosols through the coordination of multiple functions such as physical adsorption, chemical degradation, and enzymatic hydrolysis. The following are its common working principles:

Principle of Physical Adsorption

• Aerosol Capture: The cleaning kit often contains materials with a high specific surface area and a porous structure, such as activated carbon and diatomite. These materials have a rich microporous and mesoporous structure, which can provide a large number of adsorption sites. When nucleic acid aerosols spread in the air, they will come into contact with these materials. Due to intermolecular forces such as van der Waals forces and electrostatic attraction, they are adsorbed onto the surface and pores of the materials. In this way, the physical capture of nucleic acid aerosols is achieved, removing them from the air and reducing the concentration of aerosols in the environment.
• Filtration and Interception: Some cleaning kits are equipped with filter materials of different pore sizes, such as filter paper and filter membranes. These filter materials can selectively intercept nucleic acid aerosols of different particle sizes according to their pore sizes. Generally, nucleic acid aerosols have a certain range of particle sizes. By selecting filter materials with appropriate pore sizes, air can pass through while the nucleic acid aerosol particles are intercepted on the surface of the filter materials, thus achieving the purpose of purifying the air and removing nucleic acid aerosols.

Principle of Chemical Degradation

• Oxidation Effect: Some components in the cleaning kit have strong oxidizing properties, such as hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite. These oxidants can react chemically with the nucleic acid molecules in the nucleic acid aerosols and damage the chemical structure of the nucleic acids. For example, hydrogen peroxide can generate reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals. These reactive oxygen species can attack the phosphodiester bonds, bases, and other parts in the nucleic acid molecules, causing the nucleic acid chains to break, thus degrading the nucleic acids into small molecular fragments and losing their biological activity, achieving the effect of cleaning the nucleic acid aerosols.
• Acid-base Effect: Certain cleaning kits may use an acidic or alkaline environment to degrade nucleic acids. For example, acidic or alkaline substances can change the chemical environment in which the nucleic acid molecules are located, causing the nucleic acid molecules to undergo reactions such as denaturation and hydrolysis. Under acidic conditions, the glycosidic bonds in the nucleic acid molecules may be hydrolyzed, leading to the separation of the bases from the ribose or deoxyribose. Under alkaline conditions, the phosphodiester bonds in the nucleic acid molecules may break, causing the nucleic acid chains to depolymerize, thereby achieving the degradation and removal of nucleic acid aerosols.

Principle of Enzymatic Hydrolysis

• The Role of Nucleases: The nucleic acid aerosol cleaning kit may contain specific nucleases, such as DNase (deoxyribonuclease) and RNase (ribonuclease). These nucleases have a high degree of specificity and can recognize and bind to nucleic acid molecules, and then cut the phosphodiester bonds in the nucleic acid chains through hydrolysis. DNase specifically acts on DNA molecules, degrading them into oligonucleotide fragments; RNase acts on RNA molecules, decomposing them into small molecular ribonucleotides. Through the action of nucleases, the nucleic acids in the nucleic acid aerosols are rapidly enzymatically hydrolyzed, effectively removing the nucleic acid aerosols.

Comprehensive Action

• Synergy of Multiple Mechanisms: In practice, the nucleic acid aerosol cleaning kit does not work through a single mechanism but rather the synergistic effect of multiple principles. For example, physical adsorption and filtration are first used to rapidly reduce the concentration of nucleic acid aerosols in the environment, and then chemical reagents and nucleases are used to deeply degrade and remove the remaining nucleic acid aerosols, so as to achieve a more thorough and efficient cleaning effect, ensuring that the nucleic acid aerosols in the environment are completely removed and preventing them from interfering with experiments, tests, and other work.