The following is a more detailed introduction to their specific applications:

In addition to the above applications, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) collection tubes also play important roles in liquid biopsy, personalized medicine, and other aspects. The following is a more detailed introduction to their specific applications:

Applications Related to Liquid Biopsy

• Combined Detection with Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs): The blood samples collected by cfDNA collection tubes can be used not only for cfDNA analysis but also in combination with the detection of circulating tumor cells. CTCs are tumor cells that shed from the primary tumor or metastatic foci and enter the bloodstream. Similar to cfDNA, they carry genetic information related to tumors. By conducting a combined detection of CTCs and cfDNA in the same blood sample, it is possible to have a more comprehensive understanding of the tumor situation from both cellular and molecular levels, providing richer information for the diagnosis, staging, and treatment monitoring of tumors.
• Assistance in Exosome RNA Detection: Exosomes are tiny vesicles secreted by cells, which contain biomolecules such as RNA and are closely related to the occurrence, development, and metastasis of tumors. Blood samples collected by cfDNA collection tubes can be used for the extraction of exosomes and RNA detection while separating cfDNA. Combining the detection results of cfDNA and exosome RNA can further improve the accuracy and comprehensiveness of liquid biopsy, providing more evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as tumors.

Applications Related to Personalized Medicine

• Real-time Adjustment of Treatment Plans: During the treatment of diseases such as tumors, regularly collecting blood from patients using cfDNA collection tubes and dynamically monitoring the changes in cfDNA can promptly detect situations such as drug resistance mutations in tumor cells. Based on these real-time detection results, doctors can quickly adjust the treatment plan, such as changing the drug, adjusting the drug dosage, or combining other treatment methods, to improve the treatment effect, reduce the occurrence of drug resistance, and achieve truly personalized precision treatment.
• Guidance for Drug Development: During the process of drug development, the samples collected by cfDNA collection tubes can be used to evaluate the impact of drugs on specific gene mutations. By detecting the changes in genes related to the drug’s action targets in cfDNA, researchers can understand the efficacy of the drug and potential drug resistance mechanisms, providing important biological information for the research, development, and optimization of drugs, accelerating the development process of new drugs, and promoting the development of personalized medicine.

Applications Related to Neurological Diseases

• Auxiliary Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Studies have found that in the blood of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, there are specific changes in the methylation patterns of cfDNA. Using cfDNA collection tubes to collect blood samples and detect these abnormal changes in cfDNA is expected to serve as an auxiliary indicator for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, helping doctors detect the potential risk of the disease before the symptoms appear, providing possibilities for early intervention and treatment.
• Risk Assessment of Diseases such as Stroke: For stroke patients, the level of cfDNA in the blood and the changes in certain gene fragments are related to the severity of the illness and the prognosis. Collecting blood for cfDNA detection using cfDNA collection tubes can help doctors assess the disease risk of patients, predict the development of the illness, and formulate more reasonable treatment and rehabilitation plans.

Applications Related to Autoimmune Diseases

• Monitoring of Disease Activity: In patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, the level of cfDNA and the gene characteristics related to certain autoantibodies change with the activity of the disease. Regularly collecting blood samples using cfDNA collection tubes and monitoring these changes in cfDNA can help doctors promptly understand the activity of the disease, adjust the treatment plan, judge the treatment effect, and improve the quality of life of patients.
• Research on Pathogenesis: Conducting an in-depth analysis of cfDNA in the blood of patients with autoimmune diseases helps to reveal the pathogenesis of the diseases. By studying gene mutations, methylation status, etc., in cfDNA, key genes and signaling pathways related to the autoimmune response can be discovered, providing a theoretical basis for the development of new therapeutic targets and drugs.