Detection of Infectious Diseases This includes diseases such as AIDS, influenza, and COVID – 19 infection. The diagnosis is made by detecting viral antigens, antibodies, or nucleic acids in saliva. For example, the saliva – based AIDS test strip, based on the principle of immunology, uses the binding reaction between specific antibodies and viral antigens to identify the HIV virus, providing strong support for the early screening of AIDS.
Diagnosis of Oral Diseases It can be used to detect bacteria, fungi, or viruses in the oral cavity, assisting in the diagnosis of diseases such as periodontitis, dental caries, and oral herpes. For instance, detecting the DNA or RNA of specific bacteria in saliva helps to understand the changes in the oral microbiota, thereby evaluating the oral health status.
Monitoring of Systemic Diseases Many systemic diseases can cause changes in relevant markers in saliva. For example, the glucose level in the saliva of diabetic patients may be abnormal, and the detection of salivary glucose can serve as an auxiliary method for diabetes monitoring. In addition, specific tumor markers may be present in the saliva of some cancer patients, which is helpful for the early detection and disease monitoring of cancer.
Genetic Testing
Screening for Hereditary Diseases Saliva samples are collected to obtain the DNA therein, and genetic testing can be carried out to screen for hereditary diseases such as cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and thalassemia. By analyzing the mutations of specific genes, it provides a basis for genetic counseling and disease prevention.
Pharmacogenomic Testing This helps to understand the genetic information related to an individual’s metabolism and response to specific drugs, predict the efficacy and adverse reactions of patients to certain drugs, and thus guide rational drug use in clinical practice and achieve personalized treatment.
Health Management and Research
Personal Health Risk Assessment By detecting the genetic information and biomarkers in saliva, the risk of an individual developing certain diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and Alzheimer’s disease, can be evaluated, so as to take corresponding preventive measures.
Research in Sports Medicine Analyzing the hormone levels (such as cortisol, testosterone, etc.) and metabolites in saliva helps to understand the physical condition, exercise fatigue level, and recovery status of athletes, providing a reference for exercise training and nutritional intervention.
Research on Nutrition and Metabolism Studying the content of nutrients (such as vitamins, minerals, etc.) and metabolism – related indicators in saliva can help understand an individual’s nutritional status and metabolic characteristics, providing a basis for formulating reasonable diet plans and nutritional supplementation programs.