Principle: They utilize the colloidal gold immunochromatography technique. When specific substances related to pregnancy are present in the sample, they will bind to the antibodies on the test strip, resulting in a color change. These kits are relatively simple to operate and do not require complex instruments, suitable for rapid on – site testing.
Characteristics: The testing speed is fast, and results can usually be obtained within a few minutes to a dozen minutes; the price is relatively inexpensive; the technical requirements for operators are not high. However, the accuracy of the test may be affected by factors such as sample quality and operation methods.
ELISA kits:
Principle: Enzyme – linked immunosorbent assay. Antigens or antibodies are bound to the surface of a solid – phase carrier, and then enzyme – labeled antibodies or antigens are added. A color change is produced through the reaction between the enzyme and the substrate, and the content of the target substance in the sample is judged according to the color depth.
Characteristics: The accuracy and sensitivity of the test are relatively high, and it can quantitatively detect the levels of pregnancy – related hormones in the sample; it can test multiple samples simultaneously; however, the operation process is relatively complex, requiring professional experimental equipment and technicians, and the testing time is also long, generally taking several hours or even longer.
Fluorescence immunoassay test kits:
Principle: They are based on the specific binding of fluorescence – labeled antibodies to the target substances in the sample, and the presence and content of the target substances in the sample are determined by detecting the intensity of the fluorescence signal.
Characteristics: They have high sensitivity and specificity and can detect target substances at low concentrations; the test results are accurate and reliable; however, they also require professional instruments, such as fluorescence detectors, and the cost is relatively high.
Progesterone test kits:
Principle: The progesterone levels in pregnant dogs and cats change. Pregnancy is determined by detecting the progesterone content in blood or saliva. Progesterone test kits usually adopt techniques such as immunoassay or chemiluminescence.
Characteristics: They have certain reference value for the detection of early pregnancy, especially within a period of time after mating. The change in progesterone levels can be used as an auxiliary indicator for determining pregnancy; however, the change in progesterone levels may be affected by various factors, such as the estrous cycle and diseases, so the accuracy of using progesterone test kits alone may be inferior to comprehensive testing.
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