HIV – 1Virus

HIV – 1, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1, is one of the main pathogens that cause AIDS. The following are some important facts about the HIV – 1 virus:

1. Characteristics:
   • High variability: The genes of the HIV – 1 virus are prone to mutation. This enables the virus to produce new variants continuously during transmission, posing great challenges to vaccine development and treatment.
   • Attack on the immune system: This virus mainly attacks the human immune system, especially helper T – lymphocytes. As the virus replicates in the body and destroys immune cells, the infected person’s immune function will gradually decline. Eventually, the immune system is severely damaged, making the human body susceptible to various diseases and tumors.
2. Epidemiology: HIV – 1 is widely prevalent worldwide and is currently the most common type of HIV. In China, HIV – 1 is also the main prevalent strain.
3. Routes of transmission:
   • Sexual contact: This includes both heterosexual and homosexual sexual behaviors and is the most common mode of transmission of HIV – 1. During sexual intercourse, the virus can enter the other person’s body through broken skin or mucous membranes.
   • Blood – borne transmission: For example, receiving blood or blood products contaminated with HIV – 1, or sharing syringes for drug use.
   • Mother – to – child transmission: An HIV – 1 – infected mother may transmit the virus to her fetus or infant during pregnancy, childbirth, or through breastfeeding.
4. Latent period: After HIV – 1 infects a human body, the latent period can last as long as 2 – 10 years or even longer. During the latent period, the infected person may have no obvious symptoms, but the virus continues to replicate in the body.

In general, the HIV – 1 virus poses a serious threat to human health. However, by taking proper preventive measures, such as safe sex, avoiding sharing syringes, and screening blood, the risk of infection can be effectively reduced.