Nucleic acid extraction reagents are key reagents used for extracting nucleic acids (including DNA and RNA) from biological samples, and they have important and wide-ranging applications in multiple fields. The following is a detailed introduction:

Pathogen Detection: They are used to detect the nucleic acids of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, assisting in the clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, nucleic acid extraction reagents were used to extract the RNA of the novel coronavirus from patient samples, followed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing to determine whether a patient was infected with the virus.
Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases: DNA can be extracted from samples such as patient blood, amniotic fluid, and chorionic villi to detect gene mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, etc., helping to diagnose genetic diseases such as thalassemia, hemophilia, and Down syndrome.
Tumor Diagnosis and Monitoring: Nucleic acids are extracted from tumor tissues, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and other samples to detect changes in tumor-related gene mutations, methylation, gene expression levels, etc., assisting in the early diagnosis, classification, prognosis assessment, and treatment monitoring of tumors.

Gene Expression Studies: RNA is extracted from cell or tissue samples, and then cDNA is synthesized through reverse transcription. Subsequently, techniques such as real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, gene chips, and RNA sequencing are used to analyze changes in gene expression levels under different physiological states, disease states, or treatment conditions, revealing the functions and regulatory mechanisms of genes.
Gene Cloning and Editing: During the gene cloning process, the DNA of the target gene needs to be extracted from biological samples, ligated to a vector to construct a recombinant DNA molecule, and then introduced into host cells for expression and functional studies. In gene editing technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9, nucleic acids also need to be extracted for gene sequence analysis and detection of editing efficiency.
Epigenetics Research: By extracting DNA and analyzing epigenetic marks such as methylation and histone modifications, the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression and the roles of epigenetic changes in development and the occurrence and development of diseases are studied.

Individual Identification: DNA is extracted from biological samples such as blood, hair, saliva, and semen, and through DNA typing techniques such as short tandem repeat (STR) analysis, individual identities are determined. This is used for comparing biological samples left at crime scenes with suspects and identifying missing persons.
Paternity Testing: By extracting the DNA of parents and children and analyzing the inheritance patterns of genetic loci, the paternity relationship can be judged, providing a scientific basis for identifying kinship in judicial cases.

Gene Detection in Plants and Animals: During the breeding process of plants and animals, nucleic acids are extracted for genotyping and construction of genetic maps, helping to screen individuals with excellent traits and accelerate the breeding process. Transgenic components in crops are detected to ensure food safety and compliance with relevant regulations.
Prevention and Control of Animal Diseases: Nucleic acids of pathogens are extracted from animal blood, feces, tissue, and other samples to detect the infection status of animal diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease, avian influenza, and swine fever, so that timely prevention and control measures can be taken to ensure the healthy development of the animal husbandry industry.

Analysis of Microbial Communities: Nucleic acids of microorganisms are extracted from environmental samples such as soil, water, and air, and through high-throughput sequencing technology, the composition, diversity, and functions of microbial communities are analyzed to study the roles of microorganisms in ecosystems and the impacts of environmental changes on microbial communities.
Detection of Biological Contamination: Whether there are nucleic acids of specific harmful organisms or pathogens in environmental samples is detected, such as pathogenic microorganisms in water and alien invasive species in soil, to evaluate environmental quality and biosafety risks.