The working principle of the nucleic acid extraction kit is usually described in detail as follows:

When using a nucleic acid extraction kit, first, the sample is mixed with the lysis solution. The lysis solution usually contains components such as detergents and protease inhibitors. The detergent can destroy the membrane structure of the cell, so that the nucleic acid is released from the inside of the cell; the protease inhibitor can prevent the degradation of proteins and ensure the integrity of the nucleic acid.

The released nucleic acid combines with a specific carrier (such as magnetic beads or silica gel membrane, etc.) in the binding solution. This combination is based on the interaction between the nucleic acid and the carrier, such as electrostatic adsorption, hydrogen bonding, etc.

After the binding process is completed, impurities are removed through multiple rinses with the washing solution. The washing solution can remove unbound substances, cell debris, salt ions, etc., to improve the purity of the nucleic acid. These washing steps are very important for obtaining high-quality nucleic acid.

Finally, the nucleic acid bound on the carrier is eluted using the elution solution. The components of the elution solution usually can destroy the binding between the nucleic acid and the carrier, so that the nucleic acid is dissociated from the carrier and enters the elution solution, thereby obtaining the purified nucleic acid.

Different nucleic acid extraction kits may vary in specific reagent components and operation steps, but in general, they are centered around several key links such as cell lysis, nucleic acid binding and separation, impurity removal, and nucleic acid elution to achieve efficient extraction and purification of nucleic acids.