Early cancer diagnosis Tumor cells release cell – free DNA with characteristics such as tumor – related gene mutations and abnormal methylation into the bloodstream. By collecting blood with cfDNA blood collection tubes and detecting these markers, it helps to detect tumors in the early stage of cancer, even before symptoms appear. For example, detecting mutations in genes like EGFR and KRAS can be used for the early screening of various cancers such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer.
Tumor molecular typing In – depth analysis of the cell – free DNA obtained from the blood collection tube can determine the molecular characteristics of the tumor, assisting doctors in classifying tumors into different subtypes. Different tumor subtypes may vary significantly in treatment options and prognosis. For instance, breast cancer can be classified into different molecular subtypes based on the gene status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) detected from cfDNA, thus guiding precise treatment.
Guiding treatment plan selection Analyzing the genetic variations in cell – free DNA can help formulate personalized treatment plans for patients. If specific gene mutations are detected in cfDNA, indicating that the patient may be sensitive to a certain targeted drug, doctors can then select the corresponding targeted therapy drug, improving treatment effectiveness and reducing unnecessary side – effects. For example, for melanoma patients with BRAF V600E mutation, targeted drugs against this mutation can be used for treatment.
Treatment efficacy monitoring During cancer treatment, regularly collect blood using cfDNA blood collection tubes and monitor the changes in tumor – related markers. This can timely inform whether the treatment is effective, as well as whether the tumor has relapsed or metastasized. If the levels of tumor markers in cfDNA decrease after treatment, it indicates that the treatment is effective. If the marker levels increase again, it may suggest tumor recurrence or progression.
Drug resistance monitoring As treatment progresses, tumor cells may develop drug resistance. By detecting genetic changes in cfDNA, it is possible to promptly identify whether tumor cells have developed drug – resistance – related gene mutations, helping doctors adjust the treatment plan in a timely manner. For example, during the treatment of lung cancer patients with EGFR – targeted drugs, monitor whether the T790M drug – resistance mutation appears in cfDNA, so as to change the treatment strategy in a timely manner.
Prognosis assessment Certain characteristics of cell – free DNA can serve as indicators for assessing the prognosis of cancer patients. For example, the mutation load and methylation status of cfDNA are closely related to the patient’s survival time and recurrence risk. Doctors can evaluate the patient’s prognosis based on this information and formulate more reasonable follow – up and rehabilitation plans for the patient.
HUACHENGYANG
