William’s E Cell Culture Solution, Media

William’s E Medium was designed by William and Gunn for the long-term culture of rat liver epithelial cells, but can also be used for the culture of hepatocytes from other mammals.
This product contains many types of amino acids, vitamins, inorganic salts and other ingredients required for cell culture, but does not contain proteins, lipids or any growth factors, so this product should be used with serum or serum-free additives.

L-glutamine (Glutamine) is an essential nutrient in cell culture, but it is unstable in solution and will degrade spontaneously. L-glutamine-free media can be used to arbitrarily adjust the dosage of L-glutamine according to the research needs, and the addition of fresh L-glutamine or its substitutes at the time of use is more conducive to the growth of cells.
L-Alanyl-L-glutamine (Ala-Glu), also known as alanyl-glutamine and alanine-glutamyl dipeptide, is an advanced cell culture additive that can be used as a direct replacement for L-glutamine in cell culture media.L-glutamine is an essential nutrient in cell culture, but it is unstable in solution and will L-glutamine is an essential nutrient for cell culture, but it is unstable in solution and will spontaneously degrade to ammonia and pyroglutamic acid, of which ammonia is harmful to cells; whereas L-alanyl-L-glutamine is very stable in aqueous solution and will not spontaneously degrade. The mechanism of cellular utilisation is as follows: during cell culture, cells will gradually release a peptidase into the culture medium, which will hydrolyse L-alanyl-L-glutamine into L-alanine and L-glutamine, and the cells will then take up and utilise these two hydrolysed products. The process of cellular utilisation of L-alanyl-L-glutamine is similar to the flow-addition strategy, in which low concentration levels of L-glutamine are continuously added to the culture medium, thereby increasing the utilisation of L-glutamine without generating excess ammonia, which is more conducive to cellular growth.L-alanyl-L-glutamine can be substituted for an equimolar amount of L-glutamine in the culture solution, which can be applied to all types of cells with little or no need for acclimatisation and can prolong the time of cell culture. And it can prolong the cell culture time and reduce the number of passages, which saves time and money. Activity decreases more slowly than in cells cultured in L-glutamine-added medium. The reason for the slightly longer delay is the time required for the release of peptidase and the digestion of dipeptides.
Phenol red is used as a pH indicator in culture media to continuously monitor the pH of the culture medium. At low pH values phenol red gives the culture medium a yellow colour, while at higher pH values it gives the culture medium a violet colour, with a red colour at pH values of 7.2-7.4, which is best suited for cell culture. However, phenol red has some disadvantages. Studies have shown that phenol red can mimic the effects of steroid hormones (especially oestrogen), so it is best to use a phenol red-free medium when oestrogen-sensitive cells are used (e.g. breast tissue). Phenol red can interfere with detection during flow cytometric analysis. In addition, the presence of phenol red in some serum-free media formulations can interfere with sodium-potassium balance.

Precautions

This product has been filtered and sterilised, aseptic operation should be observed during use to avoid contamination;
To maintain the best use of this product, do not freeze or thaw;
This product is for scientific research or further study only, not for diagnosis and treatment