The components of cell culture medium mainly include the following categories:

1. Nutrients

1. Amino acids: Such as glutamine, which is an important raw material for cells to synthesize proteins.
2. Carbohydrates: Such as glucose, which provides energy for cells.
3. Vitamins: Such as biotin, folic acid, etc., which play a regulatory role in the growth and metabolism of cells.

2. Inorganic salts

1. Macroelements: Such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, which are involved in many biochemical reactions in cells.
2. Trace elements: Such as iron, zinc, copper, and manganese, which play an important role in the physiological functions of cells.

3. Growth factors and hormones

1. Growth-promoting factors: Such as epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, etc., which promote cell proliferation and differentiation.
2. Hormones: Such as insulin, etc., which regulates cell metabolism.

4. Buffer system

Maintain the stability of the pH value of the culture medium, commonly used are sodium bicarbonate, etc.

5. Other components

1. Serum or protein substitutes: Provide necessary nutrients and growth factors for cells.
2. Defoaming agent: Prevent excessive foaming during the culture process.